the satisfactory stran formation after cooling and preliminary casting of liquid steel and the smooth production.
Mould assembly for CCM from R4m to R14m with high quality, capable of producing square, round ara process for producing cast stock (for rolling, forging, or pressing) from molten steel; the st
ock is formed continuously at a rate determined by the rates of supply of molten metal to one side of the ingot mold (crystallizer) and of removal of the partially solidified stock from the opposite side.
Continuous steel casting has a number of advantages over ordinary casting. Among these are the lower consumption of metal (10—15 percent) per ton of usable rolled products through a reduction in trimming from the top and bottom parts of the stock and lower capital expenditures for the construction of metallurgical plants, since continuous casting requires no supply of ingot molds and consequently there is no need for plant divisions for the production of the molds and for the extraction of stock from the molds and no need for blooming and slabbing mills, which reduce the large castings to stock for subsequent rolling. In addition, continuous casting creates conditions for full mechanization and automation of the casting process. Finally, the more rapid solidification during the continuous casting process leads to increased homogeneity and better quality of the metal.
A method for the direct production of steel from the molten metal (called ingotless metal rolling) was proposed in Experimental studies in this area in various countries did not yield positive results. A more promising method consisted in the production from the molten metal of an intermediate blank (whose dimensions were usually smaller than those of the casting mold), rather than of a finished article. The development of continuous casting of stock from nonferrous metals and alloys (mainly aluminum and copper) through a water-cooled ingot mold-crystallizer began in the 1930’s. Steel blanks were first produced by this method by S. Junghans (Germany) in 1939. Work on the introduction of continuous steel casting in the USSR began in 1944, and the first industrial installation was put into operation at the Krasnoe Sormovo Gorky Plant in 1955. In 1972 there were 36 such units in 21 metallurgical plants in the USSR; as of 1973 there were more than 500 units in operation worldwide. Outside the USSR, the method has become widespread in the crystallizer the Federal Republic of Germany, and Italy.
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